Cylinder-head construction for internal-combustion engines



June 10, 1930. 7 w 1,763,232

CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION FOR INTERNAL C OMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Jan.24, 192'? 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 p Luther A. Evaw June 10, 1930. L. A. GAW

CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 2Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 24, 1927 gh/umtoc EW Lucher A. El

Patented June 10, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LUTHER A. GAW, 0FCHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA, ASSIGNOR TO DILLON-GAW MOTOR COMPANY, OFFAYETTEVILLE, WEST VIRGINIA, A CORPORATION OF WEST VIR- GINIACYLINDER-HEAD CONEiTRUCTION FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Applicationfiled January 24, 1927. Serial No. 163,193.

This invention relates to improvements in cylinder casing block and headconstruction for internal combusiton engines, particularly of the sleevevalve type.

The primary object of thisinvention is the provision of an improvedcylinder head construction for internal combustion engines, embodyingindividual cylinder heads for the cylinders of an internal combustionengine, and an improved hood for guiding the circulation of water aboutall of the cylinder heads of the engine.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent duringthe course of the following detailed description.

In the accompanying drawings, forming .a part of this specification, andwherein similar reference characters designate corresponding partsthroughout the several views,

Figure l is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of theinternal combustion engine, and more particularly the head construction,during an operation of parts just before the exhaust is ready to takeplace.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken through the cylinderconstruction of v the internal combustion engine, showing moreparticularly the arrangement of parts during the start of the powerstroke.

Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the head construction of theinternal combustion engine cylinder, showing the exhaust position.

Figure l is a sectional view of details taken at right angles in theView illustrated in Figure 3, substantially on the line H of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 5-5 ofFigure 4.

Figure 6 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 66 ofFigure 1.

Figure 7 is a fragmentary view, partly in section, showing the cylindersintake port with the adjacent intake port of the sleeve valve of theengine just starting to open.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary view, partly in section, showing means uponwhich the cams directly engage for causing an operative movement of thesleeve valve.

In the drawings, wherein for the purpose of illustration is shown only apreferred embodiment of the improved sleeve valve internal combustionengine, the letter A may generally designate the engine, which mayinclude the cylinder block or casing construction B which includes acrank case C wherein a' crank shaftD is rotatably mounted. A piston Eoperates in each ofthe cylinders of the engine, connected by a rod F tothe crank shaft D in the usual manner. A sleeve valve G'operates in eachcylinder between the piston and the cylinder walls, and the sleeve G iscontrolled by cam means H operating on means L which is connected withthe sleeve valve. A detachable cylinder head construction M is providedfor each cylinder of the engine A, and preferably only a single novelwater hood or manifold P is provided for cooperation upon the cylinderblock B and with the cylinder heads M, to regulate the flow of thecooling medium.

The cylinder block B is preferably provided with any approved number ofcylinder chambers 15, each of which open directly on the top surface ofthe cylinder block B, and

in the upper openings of the cylinder chain bers 15 detachableindividual cylinder heads M are adapted to be positioned in a novelrelation to be subsequently described. The cylinder block B is of courseprovided with a water jacket, providing water compartments 17surrounding each cylinder, and these water compartments have outlets 19directly on the top surface of the cylinder block, so that the water maycirculate about the cylinders thru the openings 19 into the water hoodor manifold P and about the individual detachable cylinder heads M forcooling the latter, in the relation of parts to be more fully detailedhereinafter.

For each cylinder chamber 15 the block B is provided with an uppertransverse intake port 22 and an opposite but preferably lower exhaustport 23 these ports being preferably tapered in a converging relationtowards and into their respective cylinder chambers 15 wherein thesleeve valves G are slidable. Suitable oil ducts 24 may be provided inthe block B for oiling the piston and sleeve action, in any approvedrelation.

The cylinder block B is of course mounted on the crank case C in anyapproved and conventional relation, and the crank shaft D isconventionally connected to the pistons E.

The sleeve valves G are provided in each of the cylinder chambers insnug sliding relation therein and each of these sleeve valves G includesan upper transverse intake port 26 and an opposite but preferably lowerexhaust port 27 adapted to cooperate respectively with the ports 22 and23 of the engine block. The ports 26 and 27 may be of any lengthcircumferentially about the sleeve desired, in order to render theintake and exhaust most efficient. These ports, however, arehorizontally elongated as illustrated in Figure 4 of the drawings.

Referring to the means H and L for slidable operation of the sleevevalves G, the prin ciple. of operation thereof is substantially the sameas set forth in my co-pending application, Serial No. 128,651, filedAugust 11, 1926, and further described in my United States Patent1,286,275, issued December 3, 1918, and also my co-pending application,Serial No. 61,722, filed October 10, 1925.

As to the cam means H, the same includes a cam shaft 30 longitudinallybearing in the crank case C, operated in any approved manner, as bymeans 31 from the said crank shaft. For each sleeve valve the cam shaft30 is provided with main and auxiliary cams and 33, having throwportions as set forth in my co-pending application, Serial No. 128,651,the operation of said cams being exactly as described in said co-pendingapplication.

As to the means L upon which the cams 32 and 33 operate, the sameincludes structure identically as set forth in my co-pending applicationSerial No. 128,651, filed August 11, 1926, including a crescent-shapedframe 38 pivoted at 41 upon the casing structure of the engine andincluding a forwardly extending half circled supporting arm 45 and abovethe same a quarter circled arm 46 rigid with the arm 45. The free endsof the arms 45 and 46 are spaced. At its free end the longer arm 45 hasa slot 49 radially opening outwardly within which is slidably received apin 50 carried by the lower end in a laterally projecting relation fromthe sleeve valve G.

The lower or longer arm 45 between its ends, substantially midway isprovided with an anti-friction roller 53, and at its free end theshorter arm 46 is provided with a pivoted arm 57, which between its endssupports an the engine A. Each cylinder head comprises an outersubstantially cylindrical shaped shell 80, which is insertabledownwardly into the upper end of the cylinder chamber 15, so that theouter circumference thereof is spaced from the inner surface of thewalls of the cylinder chamber 15, to provide an annular compartment 81which extends longitudinaL ly along the upper portion of the cylinderchamber 15, and into which the upper end of the sleeve valve G extends.The upper mar gins of the other shell are provided with laterallyextending attaching flanges 82, secured over the top surface of thecylinder block B and provided with openings therethrough for receivingattaching bolts 84 by means of which to secure the respective cylinderheads in place on the cylinder block B, as is well illustrated in Figure5 of the drawings. These flanges 82 are provided with transverseapertures 86 therethrough aligning with the openings 19 thru the topwall of the cylinder block B, and thru which water passes into thecompartment 90 of the water receiving hood P.

An inner shell 91 is also provided as part of each cylinder head M,which is of tubular formation, and extends centrally upward thru thepassageway 92 provided thru the outer shell 80. This inner shell 91 isintegral at its lower end with the lower end of the outer shell 80, andfrom this connection illustrated at 94 in Figure 2 of the drawings, theinner shell 91 extends upwardly in spaced relation with the inner wallsof the outer shell to provide an annular space 95 open at the top of thecompartment 90 of the water hood P, so that water may enter andcirculate about the space 95 to cool the upper portion of the sleevevalve and reciprocating parts of the sleeve valve operating mechanism,as well as to generally cool the entire upper part of the cylinder in anovel relation.

The inner shell 91 is provided with a downwardly facing frusto-conicalcompartment 98, which is of greatest diameter at its outlet into thechamber within the sleeve valve G and tapers in a converging relationtherefrom upwardly to a spark plug supporting wall 99 which isintegrally provided in the shell 91 at alocation about one-third thedistance above the lower edge of said inner shell. This wall 99 isprovided with a screw thread ed opening 100 therethrough for detachablyreceiving a spark plug 101, so that the electrodes of the spark plug maydepend into the upper reduced end of the tapered compartment 98 of thecylinder head M.

A transverse web portion connects the inner and outer shells 91 and 80to provide an intake port 195 transversely thru the cylinder head M,which aligns directly with the intake port 22 of the cylinder block Bfor the respective cylinder in which the cylinder head M is assembled,so that inflowing fuel charge passes thru the ports 22 and into theupthe cylinder head M and the intake port 105 tapers in a constrictedrelation towards the center of the compartment 98, as is illustrated bythe tapered sides 110 in Figure 6 of the drawings. Also, the web portionconnecting the inner and outer shells is downwardly sloped from thebottom of the intake port 105 to provide a downwardly sloping surface112 from the outer edge of the intake port 105 to the intersection ofthe surface 112 with the upwardly tapered surface which defines thetapered compartment 98, as is well illus trated in Figures 1, 2 and 7 ofthe drawings. It is to be noted that the intake port 105 is flush withthe lower surface of the wall 99 so that the infiowing charge will passdirectly onto the electrodes of the spark plug 101, and be whirled aboutin a turbulent flow within the tapered compartment 98, due to the mannerin which the same enters the compartment 98 and due to the shape of saidcompartment 98.

The outer shell 80 at a location above the intake port 105 is providedwith an annular groove 114: wherein a preferably expansible packing ring115 is received, which engages in a sealed connection with inner wall ofthe sliding sleeve valve G, to seal against leak of compression abovethe intake port 105. Belowthe intake port 105 the outer shell 80 is alsoprovided with an annular groove 117, wherein an expansible packing orpiston ring 118 is adapted to be received, in a sealed engagement withthe inner wall of the sleeve valve G, below the intake port 105. Thispiston ring 118 is formed as best illustrated in Figure 7 with reducedflanges 119 at the top and bottom margins thereof, which engage theexterior surfaces of the outer shell 80 above and below the groove 117,in order to best anchor the packing ring in position to provide the mosteflicient seal. It is to be noted that the packing ring 118 isconsiderably wider than the upper packing ring 115, and this is providedbecause of the vertically offset relation of the intake and exhaustports of the sleeve valve G, which the piston ring 118 is adapted toseal at different locations in the sliding movement of the sleeve valve.

The inner tubular shell 91 extends at its upper end above the topsurfaces of the top wall of the cylinder block B and above the topsurface of the flanges 82 of its cylinder head M. Adjacent to the planeof the top surface of the flanges 82, each cylinder head M on the innershell 91 thereof is provided with an annular hood supporting flange 120which provides an upwardly facing shoulder. The upper end of the shell91 above the flange 120 is externally screw threaded fordetachablyreceiving a hood clamping nut 122. a

The water hood P extends the length of the engine A, and the same isprovided "with side walls 125, which extend along opposite sides of theengine. It is furthermore provided with a top wall 126, and for eachcylinder head M the hood top wall 126 is provided with a dependingtubular extension 128 which extends downwardly into the compartment 90of'the hood, for freely receiving the upper end of the inner shell 91 ofthe respective cylinder heads M; the lower edges of each of the tubularportions 128 resting on the sup-- porting flange 120 of the respectivecylinder head with which it cooperates, in order to properly support thehood P in position against eccentric clamping action. In'this positionthe lower flanged ends of the side walls 125 rest on the top surface ofthe top wall of the cylinder block B, and packing 130 ispre'ferablyprovided between the abutting edges at'the bottoms of the side walls 125and the top .wall of the cylinder block B, to provide a liquid seal. Inthis position the top screw threaded ends of the inner shells 91 extendabove the top surface of the top wall 126, for receiving the nuts 122which arethen clamped against the top wall of the hood, to hold thelatter in place. Washer arrangements 135 are provided at the locationwhere the tubular shells 91 leave the hood, which the nuts 122 forceinto engagement with the top wall of the hood about each inner shell 91to seal the juncture and prevent leakage. The

Figure 3, which may be connected withthe water cooling radiator (notshown).

In so far as the individual cylinder head construction for each cylinderisconcerend, it is apparent that the same not only admits of betteraccess to the working parts of the engine, but due to the novelarrangement thereof, the fuel charges inlet so as to maintain the sparkplug electrodes clean at all times. The sleeve valve is maintained in acompression sealed relation in the annular groove provided between thecylinder walls and the cylinder head. The single longitudinallyextending hood construction cooperates with all of the individualcylinder heads to provide means for efliciently permitting the propercirculation of water throughout the various cylinder heads and throughthe water circulating jacket of the engine.

Various changes in the shape, size, and arrangement of parts may be madeto the forms of invention herein shown and described,

without departing'from the spirit of the in-' vention or the scope ofthe claims.

I claim: 1

1. As an article of manufacture a detachable cylinder head for internalcombustion engines comprising an outer substantially cylindrical shapedshell having a lateral attaching flange thereabout of polygonal formation, the attaching flange inwardly from the outer edges thereof beingrecessed to provide water passageways, the attaching flanges at thecorners thereof having bolt receiving p assageways therethrough, aninner shell connected at its lower end in a sealed relation with thelower end of the outer shell and extending upwardly through the outershell in spaced relation and at its upper end projecting above theattaching flanges of the outer shell.

2. In an internal combustion engineof the class described thecombination of a cylinder block having a cylinder chamber therein, acylinder head for the top of said chamber having a shell projectingdownwardly into the chamber and an inner shell project ing within thefirst mentioned shell and. connected in a sealed relation at its lowerend therewith, the inner shell projecting upwardly above the top of theblock, the cylinder block being jacketed to provide a water spacetherein and being provided with top ports as outlets from the waterspace, the cylinder head including a top flange overlying the uppersurface of the cylinder block, said top flange'being provided withrecesses inwardly from the outer edge thereof to define passagewaysadapted to align with the ports of the cylinder block to permit thepassage of Water therethrough, a detachable Water hood for the cylinderblock to guide the circulation of water between the cylinder block andcylinder head, and means for clamping the hood in a leak-proofconnection upon the cylinder block and cylinder head.

LUTHER A. GAW.

